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Hacker ethic is a term for the moral values and philosophy that are common in the hacker community. Whilst the philosophy originated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1950s-60s, the term ''hacker ethic'' is attributed to journalist Steven Levy as described in his 1984 book titled ''Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution.'' The key points within this ethic are access, freedom of information, and improvement to quality of life. While some tenets of hacker ethic were described in other texts like ''Computer Lib/Dream Machines'' (1974) by Ted Nelson, Levy appears to have been the first to document both the philosophy and the founders of the philosophy. ==History== Levy explains that MIT housed an early IBM 704 computer inside the Electronic Accounting Machinery (EAM) room in 1959. This room became the staging grounds for early hackers, as MIT students from the Tech Model Railroad Club sneaked inside the EAM room after hours to attempt programming the 30-ton, computer. The MIT group defined a ''hack'' as a project undertaken or a product built to fulfill some constructive goal, but also with some wild pleasure taken in mere involvement.〔''Hackers''. pg 9〕 The term ''hack'' arose from MIT lingo, as the word had long been used to describe college pranks that MIT students would regularly devise. However, Levy's hacker ethic also has often been quoted out of context and misunderstood to refer to hacking as in breaking into computers, and so many sources incorrectly imply that it is describing the ideals of white-hat hackers. However, what Levy is talking about does not necessarily have anything particular to do with computer security, but addresses broader issues. The hacker ethic was described as a "new way of life, with a philosophy, an ethic and a dream". However, the elements of the hacker ethic were not openly debated and discussed; rather they were implicitly accepted and silently agreed upon.〔''Hackers''. pg. 26〕 The free software movement was born in the early 1980s from followers of the hacker ethic. Its founder, Richard Stallman, is referred to by Steven Levy as "the last true hacker".〔See the title and content of the Epilogue to Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution〕 Modern hackers who hold true to the hacker ethics—especially the Hands-On Imperative—are usually supporters of free and open source software. This is because free and open source software allows hackers to get access to the source code used to create the software, to allow it to be improved or reused in other projects. Richard Stallman describes: The hacker ethic refers to the feelings of right and wrong, to the ethical ideas this community of people had—that knowledge should be shared with other people who can benefit from it, and that important resources should be utilized rather than wasted.〔(MEME 2.04 ) (1996)〕 and states more precisely that hacking (which Stallman defines as playful cleverness) and ethics are two separate issues: Just because someone enjoys hacking does not mean he has an ethical commitment to treating other people properly. Some hackers care about ethics—I do, for instance—but that is not part of being a hacker, it is a separate trait. () Hacking is not primarily about an ethical issue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hacker ethic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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